Vacunas contra rotavirus: estado actual y tendencias futuras
Resumen
Antes de la introducción de las vacunas contra el rotavirus en 2006, este patógeno era considerado la principal causa de gastroenteritis entre los niños menores de cinco años de edad, de todo el mundo. Las vacunas son una estrategia fundamental para proteger a los niños de la gastroenteritis severa por rotavirus. Actualmente existen dos vacunas comerciales disponibles Rotarix® y RotaTeq® y su aplicación está teniendo un impacto en la reducción en las hospitalizaciones y consultas, sin embargo, para los países pobres los costos para sostener un programa de inmunización son relativamente elevados. Existe además la preocupación de que la vacuna conlleve a la selección y difusión de cepas nuevas y antigénicamente diferentes que traigan consigo la disminución de eficacia de la vacuna. Para solventar estos aspectos los productores trabajan en la búsqueda de nuevas vacunas como es la vacuna de origen indio ROTAVAC®. Las autoridades sanitarias de varios países han implementado programas de vigilancia en hospitales centinelas para seguir la hospitalización debido a la gastroenteritis por rotavirus y conducir estudios para evaluar la efectividad e impacto de la vacuna.Citas
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Derechos de autor 2016 Nevis Amin-Blanco, Sonsire Fernández-Castillo
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